International Journal Of Environment, Agriculture And Biotechnology

 Journal

 Effects Of Spacing, Cutting Height And Cutting Interval On Fodder Yield And Nutritional Value Of Cajanus Cajan

 Omotoso, O.B., Fajemisin, A.N. And Ogunshola, O. J.

 2018

Forage production is one of the ways of sustaining ruminant animal production in Nigeria as these animals depend largely on plant-based feed. Hence, Cajanus cajan pasture was established to evaluate the effects of planting space, cutting height and interval at harvest on fodder yield and nutritional value of C. cajan. Pre -planting operations (bush clearing, ploughing, harrowing and ridging) were carried out on a hectare of land, sectionalized into fifteen equal portions. 2 - 3 seeds of C. cajan were planted using five different planting spaces (40x60 cm, 60x60 cm, 80x30 cm, 100x30 cm and 120x30 cm) of three replicates per treatment. Post-planting operations (thinning, supplying and weeding) were done to ensure uniform plant stands, nursed to maturity and harvested at different cutting heights (50, 100 and 150 cm) with cutting intervals from 2, 3 and 4 weeks respectively for five consecutive times to calculate the initial, total and average yield per plot. Air-dried samples of harvested forages were analysed for proximate composition; and data generated were subjected to statistical analysis. Results showed that; C. cajan sown using 40x60 cm planting space, cutting height of 50 cm and cutting interval of 4 weeks had the best fodder yield both at the initial (8.95 kg) and cumulative (3.60 kg) compared to other treatments. Crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract contents were significantly (p>0.05) influenced; and could adequately support the growth of ruminant animals. Thus, it can be concluded that C. cajan could be established using 40x60 cm planting space, harvested at 4 weeks interval and cutting at 50 cm height for maximum fodder yield with the aim of feeding ruminant animals. 

 Nigerian Journal Of Animal Science

 Journal

 Response Of West African Dwarf Does To Diets Containing Ammoniated Cocoa Pod Husk Meal.

 Omotoso, O.B., Arilekolasi, T. A. And Fajemisin, A.N.

 2018

Dried composite CPH were milled, soaked in 5% urea solution for 7 days, and ensiled for 28 days under anaerobic condition to upgrade its nutritive contents to make urea-treated ensiled cocoa pod husk meal (UTCPHM). The UTCPHM were used to replace cassava peels at 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% in diets of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat-does in a 90-day feeding trial, using 24 WAD does of four replicate per treatment in a completely randomized design. Thereafter, the nutrient compositions of UTCPHM were assessed while the nutrient and fibre fraction digestibility were evaluated. Crude protein (CP) improved by 71.84%, while Crude fibre (CF), Acid Detergent Lignin, Neutral Detergent Fibre and Theobromine of UTCPHM reduced by 29.40%, 16.75%, 17.88%, 20.04% and 47.30% respectively over the raw CPHM. The CP of the diets ranged (10.52% - 12.84%), CF (17.28% - 17.37%) from 0% UTCPHM diet to 30% UTCPHM diet; and theobromine concentration (1.47%) was highest in 30% UTCPHM diet. However, DMI, CPI, nitrogen balance and daily weight gain increased progressively as the inclusion of UTCPHM increased in the diets. Thus, UTCPHM could be incorporated in goat diets up to 30%, as it supported their growth. 

 Animal Research International

 Journal

 Effects Of Differently Treated Theobroma Cacao Pod Husk Silage And Cassava Peel Meals On Nutrient Utilization And Weight Gain Of West African Dwarf Goats

 Omotoso, O.B., Bello, I. A. And Fajemisin, A. N.

 2018

The waste from agricultural produce is increasingly being viewed as a valuable source of alternative feed ingredients for livestock in spite of its usual fibrous nature, poor nutrients quality and low digestibility. This necessitated the need to upgrade the nutrient qualities. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the nutrient utilization and growth performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed ensilage of Theobroma cacao pod husk (TCPH) treated with non-protein nitrogen sources. Four diets were formulated such that; diet A, B, C and D respectively contained 10 % inclusion of raw TCPH, lye, poultry litter and urea-treated ensiled TCPH replaced with cassava peel meal in a concentrate diets; and fed to twenty-four WAD goats in a completely randomized design for sixty three days. From the result; nutrient composition, nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, weight gain and feed gain ratio were significantly (p 

 Animal Research International

 Journal

 Haematological And Serum Biochemical Responses Of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Panicum Maximum Replaced With Untreated Cocoa Pod Husk Meal.

 Omotoso, O.B., Ogunshola, O.J., Omoleye, S.O. And Alokan, J.A.

 2017

It has been proven that blood profile of an animal dictates its health status. Meanwhile, the health implication of feeding graded levels of untreated cocoa pod husk meal (UCPHM) to animals was the crux of this study. Thus, a 56 day trial was conducted to assess the haematological and biochemical responses of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed Panicum maximum replaced with UCPHM. The feed components were blended into five diets such that Diet A (control) contained 100 % P. maximum, Diet B (75 % P. maximum and 25 % UCPHM), Diet C (50 % P. maximum and 50 % UCPHM), Diet D (25 % P. maximum and 25 % UCPHM) while Diet E (100% UCPHM) and were fed to 25 WAD goats of 5 replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and gross energy (GE) contents of the diets were adequate to support the growth and maintenance of WAD goats. The values obtained for parameters observed, except CP increased with increased replacement for UCPHM across the treatment diets. Nutrient intake and apparent digestibility co-efficient values were significantly (p0.05) similar values with goats fed Diet B (75 % P. maximum + 25 % UCPHM). Hence, replacing P. maximum with untreated cocoa pod husk at 25% replacement level was acceptable and tolerable to the WAD goats and would not pose any health challenges. 

 Journal Of Sustainable Technology

 Journal

 Monogamy And Polyandry: Their Roles In Neonatal Survival And The Inclusive Fitness Of The Male And Female Parents

 Aro, S. O. Ayeni, A. O. And Omotoso, O.B.

 2012

Sexual selection theory postulates that males will compete with one another to inseminate the highest number of females possible. The ability of the male to be a successful polygynist allows him to pass on his genetic information to a large number of progeny. Thus, it is difficult to explain males who do not seek out more than one partner per breeding season, males who stay with a single partner for a long period of time (monogamy), and males who share a single female with several other males (polyandry). The mate –guarding hypothesis maintains that monogamy may be adaptive. A female left by one male would acquire another partner, whose sperm would then fertilize her eggs. Thus, it is in the best interest of the first male to remain with his partner if receptive females are scarce. Behavioural ecology is currently undergoing a paradigm shift, with the traditional concepts of the choosy, monogamous female and the coadapted gene complex increasingly giving way to the realization that sexual reproduction engenders conflicts, promotes polyandry, and thereby provides females with a cryptic arsenal of postcopulatory processes with which to safeguard their investment in large, costly eggs. The paper therefore revealed findings of researches about the roles of monogamy and polyandry in neonatal survival and the inclusive fitness of the male and female parents. 

 Proceedings Of The 6th Annual Agric Conference

 Conferenceproceeding

 Cuckoldry: Its Incidence In Human And Animal Population.

 Aro, S.O., Omotoso, O.B. And Ayeni, A.O.

 2011

It has been found out over the years that 10% of children are not biologically related to their putative genetic fathers as a result of cuckoldry and this has posed a lot of problems to the society at large in.terms of broken marital relationships and thuggery in the society. This has been attributed to sexual in-satisfaction of females by their husbands due to either, their genetic make-up, age, socio-culture and means of survival. Physiological sexual differences between men and women also support the cuckold relationship as the ideal for marriage. It is well known that women don't reach their sexual peak until they are in their age thirties, while men peak by the time they are in their twenties. In a typical marriage, a wife is generally younger than her husband or the same age. As a result, a woman's increasing sexual appetite, due to her biologically age-based sex drive, gives her greater sexual needs than her husband. She needs more sexual encounters, longer sexual encounters and more orgasms than her spouse. Furthermore, some husbands are aware oftheir wife's infidelity and they do (husbands) derives sexual pleasure from it in a way to arouse sexual excitement in the partner. Though cuckoldry is a rarity in animals, certain species of birds like vultures and mammals like gibbons still form long-term bonds ·which could result in the males of such bonds being cuckolded from time to time. In primates like the chimpanzees and bonobos, cuckoldry is a wel1 established phenomenon. This paper therefore reviews findings of incidence of cuckoldry in human and animal population. 

 Nigerian Journal Of Animal Science

 Journal

 Nutrient Utilization And Nitrogen Metabolism By West African Dwarf Goat-bucks Fed Molasses-treated Biodegraded Rice Husk

 OMOTOSO, O. B. And ARILEKOLASI, T. A.

 2009

The quest for meeting animal protein demand in the tropics with the use of unconventional feed resources without compromising the quality led to this study. Thus, the study was conducted to assess the nutritional potentials of biodegraded rice husk treated with or without molasses. Rice husks were incorporated with molasses at 0% (Diet 1 – control diet), 1% (Diet 2), 2% (Diet 3), 3% (Diet 4) and 4% (Diet 5) respectively and were mixed thoroughly with 1% salt and 3% yeast thereafter fermented anaerobically for 5days. Consequently, the diets were fed to twenty-five (25) WAD goat-bucks of five (5) replicates per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design experiment for 84 days. Parameters assessed included; nutrients and anti-nutrients composition, feed intake, weight gain, nitrogen utilization, digestibility and feed conversion ratio. Results showed that, inclusion level of molasses significantly (P 

 Tropentag 2013

 Conferenceproceeding

 Growth Response Of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Differently Treated Corncob Silage Diets

 Adebowale Noah Fajemisin, Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso, J.Oluwasola Agbede And Olufemi P.A. Olowu

 2009

“Agricultural waste” is increasingly being viewed as a valuable resource though they are usually fibrous, with poor quality nutrients which make their digestibility low. In Nigeria there are more than 21 million tonnes of plant by-products produced annually, among them is the corn crop residues which include; green corn, corn Stover, corn stalk and corncobs (Fajemisin et al., 2012). Biochemically treated corncob silage meal is a high-quality feed that contains a high concentration of energy, protein and some mineral elements. Silage can be an economical source of nutrients for sheep and goats, especially on large farms where feeding can be mechanized (Susan, 2009). The use of urea or ammonia, lye solution and poultry litter to upgrade the nutritive value of straws and other low quality crop residues have been world wide spread in the last three decades (Chineke et al., 2013). Urea and poultry litter are the most commonly used. Inexpensive non-protein nitrogen (NPN) is alternative source and attractive protein replacement compared with nowadays tremendously expensive natural proteins. Using lye solution, urea and poultry litter to upgrade the nutritive value of corncobs could help to enhance the use of corncobs as protein rich resources for small ruminants during dry season and feed scarcity. Also, using corncobs in animal feeding would help in reducing environmental pollution from burnt corncobs. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the growth response and utilization of corncobs ensiled with urea, lye or poultry litter in feeding West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. 

 Proceedings Of The 10th International Rangeland Congress

 Conferenceproceeding

 Growth Response Of West African Dwarf Sheep Fed Guinea Grass Substituted With Mulberry

 O. B. Omotoso, O. K. Ogunlusi, A. N. Fajemisin And J.A. Alokan

 2007

Introduction A major constraint to livestock production in developing countries like Nigeria is either the scarcity or fluctuating quantity and quality of year round forage supply. Ahamefule et al.(2006) reported that natural pastures and crop residues available for animals indry season are usually fibrous and devoid of essential nutrients which could support the growth and production of livestock. These deficiencies do result in weight loss, poor performance and increased mortality rate. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is a basal ruminant feed that is highly productive, persistent, and acceptable and can be fed solely or with supplement. Likewise, mulberry (Morus alba) is a leguminous plant with high crude protein content which could be a supplement for basal energy diets.This study therefore, evaluated the growth response of WAD sheep fed P. maximum substituted with M. alba forage. Materials and Methods The study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm and Nutrition Laboratory of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure. The guinea grass and mulberry were collected at the Farm site. The forages were air-dried to reduce the moisture content and preserve the green colouration/nutrients. Twenty-five (25) WAD sheep aged 8-9 months with an average live-weight of 14.00±0.14kg were selected from flock, adapted before allotted into five diets: A (100% P. maximum); B (75% P. maximum+ 25% M. alba); C (50% P. maximum+ 50% M. alba); D (25% P. maximum+ 75% M. alba) and E (100% M. alba) in a completely randomized experimental design. The experiment lasted for 63 days. Samples of feed, faeces and urine were analyzed (A.O.A.C. 2002) and all data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS 2008.